黎族船型屋是怎样建成的？看完涨知识了

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文图 _blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>日报_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者贾磊 通讯员潘达强

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一场_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大雨过后，泥土浸润着草木的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>清香，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>日报_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者驱车_blank class=infotextkey>穿梭在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>保亭黎族苗族自治县_blank class=infotextkey>g_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>24_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>国道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上，前去采访黎族船型屋屋顶茅草编织匠_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人。在素_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>全国非物质_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>文化遗产生产性_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>保护基_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”称号的槟榔谷_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>景区里，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>日报_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者见_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>到了6_blank class=infotextkey>3岁的黎族_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>老_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣。_blank class=infotextkey>原本家_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>保亭三道镇甘什_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上村的梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2009年_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>进入该_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>景区_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>工作。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“我_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>10岁左右就开始_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>学习编织茅草技艺，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>家里的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>老_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人手把手_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地教我。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>如_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>今的黎村虽然很_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>少盖_blank class=infotextkey>茅草屋了，但是我这门手艺还_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>没_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有忘记。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>听说_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人来_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>了解茅草编织技艺，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>西安_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>小_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>产权_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>房_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>楼盘_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>名_blank class=infotextkey>单，梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>来了_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>精神，侃侃而谈。

船型屋是黎族较为古_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>老的民居，其顶_blank class=infotextkey>部外形呈拱形，用红藤、白藤扎架，屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>覆盖厚厚的芭草或葵叶，从远处看，犹如一艘倒扣的船。相传，黎族同胞为_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>纪念坐船渡海而来的祖先而独创的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一种民居。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“船型屋之美在于外观，尤其是屋顶和屋檐，呈_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>流线型，给_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人以古朴、淡雅和_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>舒适的感受。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南热带海洋_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>学院_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>高泽强教授如是评价，船型屋的屋顶凝聚了黎族_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>建筑的精气神。

_blank class=infotextkey>g>编扎茅草片_blank class=infotextkey>g>

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>作为黎族民间_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>建筑的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一种，船型屋过去在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南岛_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>中_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南_blank class=infotextkey>部的黎族聚居_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地区很_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>常见。而遮日挡雨的屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>最基础的_blank class=infotextkey>组成_blank class=infotextkey>部分是茅草。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“别_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>小_blank class=infotextkey>看这一根根_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不起眼的茅草，晒干、编织_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>起来_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>就是_blank class=infotextkey>最_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>好的屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>材料。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣带_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>走进_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>自己平_blank class=infotextkey>时的编织_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>空间，那里储备了_blank class=infotextkey>不_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>少茅草。

船型屋屋顶的圆拱_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>造型_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有利于抵抗_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>台_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>风的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>侵袭，而且能就_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地取材。鉴于_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>这些优点，船形屋得以世_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>代_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>流传_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下来。跟随梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣的脚步，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者来到该_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>景区一处船型屋旁，梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣拿出一片正在编织的茅草。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>身着绣_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有黎族图腾的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>衣服，梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣躬_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>身来，坐在板凳_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上，一只脚踩_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住茅草较粗的一端，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>双手顺着茅草的首尾_blank class=infotextkey>走向_blank class=infotextkey>继续向前编织。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“抓来_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一把干茅草，用晒干的白藤条交叉编织把茅草紧紧_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地扎_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住，编织_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>好的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一段立即用脚踩_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住并压紧，这样_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>再_blank class=infotextkey>继续_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一段，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>如此往复，编_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>好的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>每片茅草_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大致规格是_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2米长、_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>1._blank class=infotextkey>3米宽。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣一边编织，一边给_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者讲述着。

在匠_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人手_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>中，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一把把茅草被编成将_blank class=infotextkey>近_blank class=infotextkey>3_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>平方米_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>小，约一本《_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新华字典》厚度的茅草片。这只是_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>第一步。

_blank class=infotextkey>g>层层交叠编织屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>g>

以_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>面积_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>10_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>平方米左右的屋顶为例，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>按照梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣的测算，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大约_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>需要_blank class=infotextkey>300片的茅草_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>才能完_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>全_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>覆盖。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不用粘胶等_blank class=infotextkey>材料来密封填充，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>这些茅草_blank class=infotextkey>真能挡_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大雨吗?_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”

_blank class=infotextkey>面对_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>海_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>南_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>日报_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>记者的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>疑问，梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣细细道来。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>原来，黎族的_blank class=infotextkey>茅草屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>能够_blank class=infotextkey>不漏雨_blank class=infotextkey>不滴水，这种技艺与汉族_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人用瓦片盖_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>房遮_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>风挡雨_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>异曲同工之效。

梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣说，_blank class=infotextkey>300片茅草并_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不是_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>简_blank class=infotextkey>单_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地堆叠在藤架_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上，而是将藤架_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>作为屋顶的底层，固_blank class=infotextkey>定梁木之_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上后，才开始屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上的茅草编织_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>工作。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>按照S型的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>走势，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>选择从任何一侧的屋檐开始，把_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>每两茅草片_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>重叠一_blank class=infotextkey>部分，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>然后将事先切_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>好的藤条固_blank class=infotextkey>定在藤架_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上，从左到右，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>再从另一边慢慢_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上移，从右向左，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>如此反复，就_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>可以_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>完成拱形屋顶的茅草编织。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”梁_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大荣说。

在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>完成顶_blank class=infotextkey>部的编织_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>工作后，还_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>需要找来4根竹竿，顺着屋顶斜坡的方向压_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>住编织的茅草片，竹竿的两端用藤条_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>就_blank class=infotextkey>近固_blank class=infotextkey>定在旁边的梁木_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上。这样，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一个船型屋的屋顶_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>覆盖才算基本_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>完成。

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