要讓“地鐵禁令”長出“牙齒”

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通運輸_blank class=infotextkey>部《_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市軌道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通客運組織與服務_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>管理辦法》（以_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下簡稱《辦法》）日前發_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>布。在乘客行為規范_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>方_blank class=infotextkey>面，《辦法》明確了影響運營_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>安_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>全的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>10類禁止性行為，_blank class=infotextkey>以及影響秩序的7類約束性行為，包括_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不得在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵內進食（嬰兒、病_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人除外），_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>使用電_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>子設備時_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不得外放聲音，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不得騎行平衡車、電動車、自行車，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不得_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>使用滑板、溜冰鞋等。

_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大發展的時間並_blank class=infotextkey>不長，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>可以說，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵還是一個_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新空間、_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新形態，與之相適應的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新規范、_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新秩序還沒完_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>全發育成熟，過程_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>中_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有些摩擦與沖突在所難免。就像個別乘客_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>使用電_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>子設備時外放聲音，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>就是一個_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>常見而_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>又令_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人生厭的行為。軌道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通客_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>流量日益增_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>大，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>保持車廂內相對安靜，是維持_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>公_blank class=infotextkey>共秩序和_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>公_blank class=infotextkey>共_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>文明的基本_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>要求，個別乘客在乘坐列車時_blank class=infotextkey>不顧他_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人感受，在刷視頻、玩_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>游戲、看劇集時將音效外放，對_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>其他乘客_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>造成困擾，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>非_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>常要_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不得。某些時候，還可能引發_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>不必要的沖突——_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2018年8月_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2日，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>北京_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵9號線_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上，一乘客在列車_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上用手機揚聲器聽音樂，引發_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一位乘客_blank class=infotextkey>不滿，雙方發生了肢體沖突。

放眼_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>世界，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>文明也靠_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“禁令_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”來養成。_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一些_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>除了禁食禁煙等通行慣例外，還_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有很_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>多_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>特色而_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>又苛刻的禁止行為和懲罰措施。例如，在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>日本_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵車廂內的規_blank class=infotextkey>定區域，_blank class=infotextkey>不允許打開和_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>使用手機﹔在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>莫斯科_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>深圳_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>最_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>新_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>购_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>房_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>政策_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2018，嚴禁眾目睽睽之_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下的擁抱等親密行為。別以為_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵禁令_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”只是說說而已，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>深圳_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>小_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>产权_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>房_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>出售，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有些_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市可是動_blank class=infotextkey>真格，如華盛頓_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵當局就明文規_blank class=infotextkey>定，在車_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上和站台_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上吃喝東西_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>都是_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“違法行為_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>警察_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>可以抓_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人。

縱觀國內，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>北京、_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上海、廣州等許_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>多_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市也專門為_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵立規矩。如_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上海市，在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>200_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>2年就_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>出台了《_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>上海市軌道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>管理條例》。梳理國內_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市的軌道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>管理條例，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>共識也_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有分歧，譬如對_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵內進食，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有的_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>全_blank class=infotextkey>面禁止，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有的隻禁_blank class=infotextkey>部分，如_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>刺激性氣味食品_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”。_blank class=infotextkey>不同_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>城市規_blank class=infotextkey>定各異，容易讓外_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>游客莫衷一是。《辦法》從更_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>高層_blank class=infotextkey>面著眼，為各_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地統一步調作了指引與遵循。

好規_blank class=infotextkey>定還要_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有好執行，《辦法》要落到實處，隻_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有宣示性條款是_blank class=infotextkey>不夠的，還要_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有具體的管束措施，而《辦法》對此語焉_blank class=infotextkey>不詳。在_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>法律缺席的語境_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>下，行_blank class=infotextkey>政處罰應為可行之道。罰款是_blank class=infotextkey>最_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>常用的一種手段（尤其對逃票行為），經濟處罰之外也_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>可以考慮更_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>多、更具威懾力的懲戒手段。譬如，對於故意違反《辦法》而_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>又_blank class=infotextkey>不聽勸阻的乘客，規_blank class=infotextkey>定_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵運營單位_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有權拒絕為其_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>提供乘車服務，並報告_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>公安和_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通執法_blank class=infotextkey>部門，將其行為記入個_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>信用_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>信息_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>平台﹔或者像_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>一些_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地方_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>管理行_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>人沖紅燈一樣，讓違規乘客參與軌道_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>交通志願服務一_blank class=infotextkey>定時間，以達到_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>教育目的。

無規矩_blank class=infotextkey>不成方圓，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有效遏止_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>地鐵_blank class=infotextkey>不_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>文明行為，_blank class=infotextkey>不僅要_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>出台禁令，還要讓禁令長出_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>“牙齒_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>”，_blank class=infotextkey>get=_blank class=infotextkey>有震懾力、約束力才行。

（練洪洋）

(責編：實習生、袁勃)